Easy things first, no school uniforms and no school lunches although some schools will have a little shop where you can buy food if you forgot your sandwiches.
At that age/those kind of schools there is no set daily schedule, you will do about 30 'hours' of 50 minutes each, which can happen anytime between 8:00 and 17:00 (although most schools have only 8 periods each day) (we use 24 hour clock for written, 12 hour clock for spoken times most of the time, so 8 AM and 5 PM.) There will either be a lunch break for all the school at once or a period set aside for half the school for lunch while the other half gets the next period.
In the Netherlands you go to primary school from age 4 or 5 to about age 12, then you change to one of the schools you mentioned, for 4, 5 or 6 years.
Which one depends on your learning abilities more than anything else.
After those you will go on to job training schools, university or to one of the other schools on your list for the last two years, to get to the higher level.
As you are 15 you will go to one of the mentioned schools, or its variation for people who do not speak Dutch, although those are more rare.
Which one will depend on the level of your education, your ability to learn and how they think you will be able to handle Dutch.
VMBO is the easier school, exams at year 4, so about age 16, Havo is 5 years, VWO 6 years and leads to University, so it is the hardest and you are unlikely to go there.
Each of the schools has several different options for the subjects you take for your exams. I think by now you have to take a set of subjects, I have left school long enough ago that is has changed since.
Huizen or a city near will have all schools, so you can be placed in the best for you, leave it up to those who know best to place you, your language abilities will likely place you where you belong. If placed at a low level you can do a higher level next year.